Understanding LNG Terminals & Terminal Operations

What are the Goals?

The achievable for the training course will include:

• Improving your LNG terminal handling, loading and discharging of bulk liquids
• Learning about LNG SIMOPS and LNG international guidelines and regulations concerning tankers and terminals including the science of LNG, new technologies, properties and types of cargoes transfers now available
• Understanding the techniques used globally regarding LNG Quality & Quantity
• Becoming familiar with state of the art LNG loading and discharge operations and equipment

Who is this Training Course for?

• LNG suppliers, traders and distributors
• Ship owners and operators
• Superintendents and safety officers
• Technical and operations executives
• Charterers and traders
• Ship brokers
• Port and terminal operators
• P&I club and marine insurance
• Ship Owners and Managers
• Offshore Vessel and FPSO Owners and Operators
• Oil Majors, NOCs and Independents
• Ship Superintendents and Safety Officers
• Ship Officers and Crews (Master, Chief Officers, Chief Engineers etc)
• Loading and Mooring Masters
• STS Service Providers
• Liquid Cargo and Bunker Surveyors
• Ports and Terminal Operators
• P&I Inspectors and Executives
• LNG FSU Owners, Managers, Operators

Daily Agenda

Day One: Regulations, Standards and Guidelines Governing Transfer Operations

• MARPOL Annex 1, Section 8 about Oil Tanker/ LNGC
• Latest on transfer Guides for Crude, Products and Liquid Gasses
• International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT)
• Oil Companies International marine Forum (OCIMF) Guidelines
• LNG Vessel operations in port guidance
• LNG Bunkering guidelines (SGMF)

Parties involved and their Relationship to One Another

• How Parties involved (Oil/Gas Majors, Charterers, Service Provider, Cargo Surveyors, FSRU operators, POAC, Ships’ masters and Mooring Master) work harmoniously to attain operational efficiency and safety
• LNG/FSRU Ship Management and receiving terminal

Person in Overall Advisory Control

• Qualifications and Training of POAC
• POAC performing different roles at particular point of the operations

Day Two: Pre-planning and Risk Assessment Considerations  

• What is LNG? Hazards and Risks vs. Oil
• Screening / Compatibility Studies of participating vessels
• Ship compatibility, and OPTIMOOR
• Criteria in selecting transfer area and Approval from the authorities
• Security issues
• Checklists and Preparations
• Risk Assessments and Management, Helicopter operations, Cargo Hazards, weather conditions, personnel injury, mooring unmooring operations
• Oil v/s LNG any differences?

Planning and Equipment

• Plan format and information to include
• Joint operations plan
• Who prepares the plan?
• Supply of equipment, fenders, hoses
• Equipment and Locations
• ISM and Training requirements – Timelines for Compatibility

Plan and Review - Exercise

• Plan review and discuss checklists and equipment items required
• Confirm any training requirements
• Simulation training and bridge team resources management

Types of Custody Transfer Measurement [Quality and Quantity]

• LNG - Systems and Equipment
• Liquid form measurement
• Volumetric measurement
• Temperature measurement
• Custody Transfer Measurement systems
• Dynamic Metering
• Ultrasonic Metering
• Vortex Metering
• Colirious Metering
• (CTMs) testing and checks
• LNG Custody Transfer Procedure

Mooring Operations Manoeuvring and Risks

• Underway and Anchored operations and cast-off ops
• Navigation signals/weather parameters
• Tug and Tender assistance
• Carriage and Delivery of Fenders and Equipment
• Communications
• Mooring operations, weather limitations for operations

Day Three: Cargo Transfer Operations  

• Introduction to LNG vessel types
• Personnel transfer
• Pre-Cargo Transfer meeting
• Checklist and communications confirmation
• Custody Transfer measurement
• Emergency Shut Down tests, Shore ESD 2 and STS ESD 2 difference
• Cargo operations and monitoring
• Differences for operations between oil and LNG

CASE STUDY - Compatibility study and meeting

• OPTIMOOR studies
• Simulator training for FSRU and STS equipment
• Cargo discharge considerations LNG Cargo Unloading arms discharge HP to Shore

Best Practices Oil and LNG comparisons

• Discuss main considerations
• Best practice any real differences between oil and gas?

Emergency Response and Contingency Planning

• Things to do in case of emergency
• General Emergency Response Management
• Things to avoid during emergencies
• Contingency equipment
• Oil spill and LNG leak
• SOPEP/SIMOPS use
• Fire or Structural damage
• Poor weather and mooring failures
• Precautions against piracy
• Media management and communications, parties involved

CASE STUDY - Spill Response during Cargo Transfer Operations

• Immediate response and notifications
• Effects and consequences of the spill
• Contingency considerations after spill

Terminal and Offshore Safety Inspections – Offshore and Terminal Installation Management Safety [OIM]

Day Four: Electrical Isolations, Terminal Fixtures and Equipment and Fuels

• Fire and Fire Science – Terminal Safety
• Terminal and Offshore Inspections – Electrical, Fixtures, Fuels
• MDS – Material data Sheet Chemical Sources and ignition
• Mechanical Energy – Liquid and Gas Safety

Vessel Design, Technology and Operations

• Fuel systems for LNG powered Vessels
• Measures to reduce energy consumption in ship applications
• Cut operating costs while, at the same time, reducing emissions
• Ship design efficiencies
• Technological efficiencies to reduce energy Consumption in all ship application

Failures Investigation and Root Cause Analysis - Case Study & Delegate Exercise – Terminal Failure Diagnosis, Analysis and Prevention and Planning

New Terminal and Bunkering developments for Marine Engineers and Tech Superintendents – Wear down, Fatigue and Failure Management Practices and planning - LNG Fuel, STS and Bunkering

• Overview of SMS & PMS
• Discuss onboard planned maintenance systems – PMS
• Discuss Trend analysis – T.A
• Analysis of Condition monitoring technical - CME
• OEM Main Engine component failures relevant to engine performance

Commercial aspects of General Average Insurance and LNG Cargo Incidents and Claims - how it affects all participants in the STS Shipping Industry

• What is G.A – why does it affect all participants commercially?
• A - Carriers concerns
• LNG Loss and Case Studies
• LNGC Cost of Losses and how to minimise commercial and economic risks
• LNG Calculations and how to minimise loss
• A - Charterer concerns
• A – Facilities and Operators concerns
• A – STS, Bunker Handlers & Bunker Operators concerns
• Commercial Contracts and the effects on all parties
• Technical nature of G.A
• Rights and Obligations of all participants in the event of G.A

Day Five: Terminal SIMOPS Training – Simultaneous Operations (LNG Transfers and Operations)

• Considerations when performing SIMOPS
• HAZARD and Risk when performing LNG SIMOPS
• Ship to Ship operations
• 24 Hr LNG operations
• Where do SIMOPS operations occur?
• Why are SIMOPS performed?

Terminal Safety and Planning

• SWP/JSA Delegate Exercise - HSE Health and Safety Workplace Practices SWP/JSA for end to end Bunkering
• Bunkering Safety and Risk Management
• Risk Analysis and Job Safety Analysis – OBJECTIVES
• Technical characteristics of LNG
• Handling, storage and spill risk
• Volatile cargo and gas vapors leak from ruptured tanks, Hoses and pipelines, causing oxygen deficiencies
• Gas Hazard Monitoring Equipment for JSA
• Adverse Weather Working – Guidelines examples for JSA
• Approach to Installations
• Hose construction and length
• Hose quality and identification
• The ‘Golden’ Safety Rules - Port and Vessel Operations
• Confined space entry
• Process and Mechanical isolations
• Electrical isolation
• Working at Height
• Ground disturbances
• Lifting Operations
• Driving Safety
• Management of Change in Organization, Equipment, Plant, Standards or Procedures that have a Health, Safety, Integrity and/or Environmental impact
• ‘Step back’ 5 x 5 procedures

Offshore and Terminal Liquid transfers

• In Service Inspections
• Service Leak Testing
• Hose Ops and Vessels Procedures
• COLOUR COUPLINGS INDEXES
• Operational risk profiles
• Inspections and Audit – Rigging
• Inspections and Audit – Wire Ropes
• Inspections – Handling and Chains
• Inspection - Shackles and hardware

Terminal/Cargo and Port State Control [PSC]

• Survey and Inspection requirements
• Vessel particulars
• Documentary certificates
• Condition of vessels hull and machinery
• Defects and efficiency
• PSC Structural condition surveys
• Condition survey requirements
• Special instructions and requirements

Terminal Cargo Interface and Ship Construction designs parameters

• Ship Naval architecture and design for terminal interface
• Cargo and Forces
• Centre of gravity
• Movement and stability during cargo loading and unloading
• SMS/IMO and Equipment
• Ship motions and vibrations during cargo discharge
• Intact stability analysis
• Damage and stability analysis
• Degrees of freedom during cargo operations
• Systems and monitoring