Fundamentals of LNG

What are the Goals?

• Gain an overview and the fundamentals of the entire LNG process chain
• Understand LNG cargo transfer operations from both ship management and terminal perspectives
• Understand the trade routing and cargo management options for LNG
• Consider and select the best options for LNG vessel types and containment systems
• Make accurate measurements and calculations of LNG custody transfer
• Examine the impact of various design codes and guidelines on LNG ship and shore transfer management
• Better manage LNG supply transportation contracts and shipping documents
• Examine LNG incidents and evaluate tanker safety, associated risks and requirements to better manage your LNG tanker operations
• Learn in detail about the LNG tanker business and operations

Who is this Training Course for?

This Fundamentals of LNG training course is suitable to a wide range of professionals but will greatly benefit:

• LNG suppliers, traders and distributors
• Ship owners and operators
• Superintendents and safety officers
• Technical and operations executives
• Charterers and traders
• Ship brokers
• Port and terminal operators
• P&I club and marine insurance
• Ship Owners and Managers
• Offshore Vessel and FPSO Owners and Operators
• Oil Majors, NOCs and Independents
• Ship Superintendents and Safety Officers
• Ship Officers and Crews (Master, Chief Officers, Chief Engineers etc)
• Loading and Mooring Masters
• STS Service Providers
• Liquid Cargo and Bunker Surveyors
• Ports and Terminal Operators
• P&I Inspectors and Executives
• LNG FSU Owners, Managers, Operators
• Company Assurance Managers and Superintendents

Daily Agenda

Day One: Types of LNG Carriers, Terminals, Storage and Tanks/LNG Treatment and the Science

• LNG terminal and vessel - main types
• Vessel design - Moss Rosenberg, Membrane, Steamships
• Storage design and Gas detections systems
• The science of LNG - as an energy and power source
• The IMO involvement
• Advantages of LNG as an energy source
• Co2 and Emission Control Technology [E.C.T]
• Carbon Capture and Storage and LNF designs for the future. Are we there yet?
• Boil Off Gas characteristics and dual fuel options
• Diesel, Electric and LNG powered vessel systems on the market
• LNG Technical comparisons and containment systems
• Regasification terminal locations, Land based, Regas vessels
• Treatment of LNG and methods
• Specific Characteristics of LNG
• LNG - What is it and why do we want more of it?

Applicable Safety Codes and Charterer’s Requirements

• International Gas Code vessel descriptions »» LNG Tank Type »» LNG Vessel types
• International Safety Management, ISM Code and the basic requirements and training
• Safety Management Systems [SMS] in the LNG Field
• Vessel and On board LNG procedures and training
• S.P - International Ship and Port Security Codes and Regional security issues
• Tanker Management Self-Assessment
• What is the TMA, who is it for?
• TMA Overview of elements and stages
• How the TMSA is used
• The SIRE inspection system. What is it and why have it for LNG?

Day Two: The Stages of LNG Cargo Cycle 

• What are the stages?
• Why do we have them?
• What do they achieve?
• Regasification terminal locations - Land based Regas vessels System
• Overview: typical schemes and operating principles
• LNG Transfer system design and parameters Contributors to Boil off Gas

Preparation of Cargo Cycle – LNG Terminal Compatibility Studies

• Roles and responsibility of terminal in LNG cargo transfer
• Terminal loading and discharging
• Ship-to-Shore operations interfaces
• Compatibility forms

Contracted LNG Cargo Operations and Development of LNG

• LNG Cargo Transfer checklists and forms required
• LNG Cargo Transfer equipment required
• LNG Cargo hazards, safety and risks that exist
• LNG Cargo controls
• Roles of Fibre Optics in LNG Transfer and operations
• LNG Cargo training required for personnel (LNG Preparations forms)

Day Three: LNG Transfer Systems -Naval Architecture [Ship Design] and Available New Technologies 

• Ship to Ship to shore Transfer systems - Naval Architecture [ship systems] and the Terminal interface
• Ship to Platform Transfer systems - Naval Architecture [ship systems] and the Terminal interface
• Ship to Ship Transfer Systems - Naval Architecture [ship systems] and the vessel interface
• Ship connected transfer systems and tandem configurations for ship to ship
• System Uptime considerations of effective operations
• Meteocean conditions, prediction tools and weather monitoring
• Typical Terminal LNG Operations 

LNG Operations – Tanker Loading and Discharging Operations and Preparations

• Arrival preparations and checklists
• LNG Loading Arms Abilities – Technology, vendors and designs
• Sensor Technologies and Latest Cryogenic Hose designs, testing and type 8 inch and 6 Inch
• Dynamic Positioning what is it and why do we have it DP 1. DP 2 And DP 2
• Manoeuvring with and without tug assistance or DP
• Jetty Approaches – Finger or Face Terminal Design Interface
• LNG Pre-loading procedures alongside
• Ramp up, loading and ramp down, actions and precautions
• LNG Ramp up, increasing loading rate
• Tank loading procedures
• Ramp down and the topping off tanks process
• Return ad Vapour pressure control
• LNG Post loading operations
• Commencement of gas burning and line disconnection
• Checklists and Pre-arrival preparations, terminal requirements and ship line cool down
• Discharging and ramp down, heel options
• Overview of standard discharge operations
• Ramp down for heel distribution option
• Discharging operations

Safety and Risk Management

• Recent industry incidents highlighted- LNG Spill and Discharges worldwide.
• What have we learnt?
• Human Error and factors in the LNG industry
• Latent Engineering Design Failures in the LNG industry
• LNG - OEM faults
• Common causes of these incidents

Day Four: ESD 1 and 2 Design Codes and Operations 

Alarm Settings ESD Actions

• ESD 1 systems and what is it
• ESD 2 what are the differing systems
• Required crew training and preparations
• Hazards and Risks moving forward »» Geographical hazards »» Crew factor

Water Curtain Operations and Tests Theory and Potential Damages

• Ship and shore requirements
• Preparing for the future incidents
• Contingency planning
• Salvage of an LNG vessel
• Considerations for cargo recovery
• Environmental impact
• Technical equipment development
• Risk profiling of your operations
• What response is required?
• Safety Management Systems and Options
• LNG Spill Responses 

SIMPOS – Simultaneous Operations (LNG Transfers and Operations)

• Considerations when performing SIMPOS
• HAZARD and Risk when performing LNG SIMOPS
• Day and Night operations
• Ship to Ship operations
• 24 Hr LNG operations
• Where do SIMPOS operations occur?

Day Five: LNG Custody Transfer Measurement and Calculations 

• System setup parameters
• Sampling and Certification Custody
• Transfer Guidelines of Terminals Ship and surveyor roles
• Certificate of Loading
• Types of Custody Transfer Measurement
• Systems and Equipment
• Inerting
• Aerating
• Drying and Cool down
• Liquid form measurement
• Volumetric measurement
• Temperature measurement
• Custody Transfer Measurement system (CTMs) testing and checks
• LNG Quality Control Mechanisms and the Custody Transfer Procedure
• Flow metering Technology utilised
• Flow measurement and custody transfer flow metering, types
• Coriolis Flow mechanisms, design, metering and performance
• Thermal Flow mechanisms, design, metering and performance
• Differential Flow mechanisms, design, metering and performance
• Ultrasonic Flow mechanisms, design, metering and performance
• Vortex Flow mechanisms, design, metering and performance
• Applications of flow meters, calibration, calculations, transfer principles
• Safety
• LNG Cargo Spills/ESD and Releases